Diabetes is a disease where the body can not produce insulin (a hormone regulator of blood sugar) or insufficient insulin or the insulin produced does not work properly. Therefore it will cause the blood sugar increases when examined.
Diabetes can occur in all people. But for those who have a family history of diabetes, are more likely to suffer from diabetes. In addition to family history, other risk factors are those that have excess weight (fat), high cholesterol (diet is not good), hypertension and lack of physical activity. Those aged over 40 years accompanied by obesity will further increase the risk for diabetes.
There are three main types of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed during the childhood and teen years and occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that controls the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Your body produces glucose from the food you eat to give your body energy, but needs insulin to use it. Approximately 10 per cent of people with diabetes have type 1 diabetes. The cause of type 1 diabetes remains unknown; however, we do know it is not preventable, and it is not caused by eating too much sugar. Anyone with type 1 diabetes must take insulin.
The remaining 90 per cent have type 2 diabetes, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body does not effectively use the insulin that is produced. Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood, although increasing numbers of children in high-risk populations are being diagnosed. People with type 2 diabetes may manage their condition with lifestyle changes like healthy eating and being physically active. They may also take diabetes medications or insulin.
Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy. It is usually a temporary condition.
Less than 4 per cent of all pregnancies result in gestational diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is more common among women who suffered from gestational diabetes. Their children are also more likely to get type 2 later in life.
Am I at risk and what are the warning signs?
Research shows that everyone is at higher risk of getting diabetes after they turn 40 years of age. So if you are over 40, get tested every three years.
And, if you are over 40 and have any of the risk factors listed here, you should be tested more often.
If you are:
A member of a high-risk group (Aboriginal, Hispanic, Asian, South Asian or African Caribbean descent)
Overweight (especially around your middle)
If you have:
A parent, brother or sister with diabetes
Given birth to a baby that weighed more than 4 kg (9 lb)
Had gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy)
Developed a condition where your body has become less sensitive to the effects of insulin, and has to work harder to control blood glucose (called impaired glucose tolerance or prediabetes)
High blood pressure
High cholesterol or other fats in the blood
You should take early signs of diabetes seriously. See a doctor to have your blood glucose checked.
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